Why are sodium-ion batteries becoming a major research direction in energy storage?

Hence, the engineering optimization of sodium-ion batteries and the scientific innovation of sodium-ion capacitors and sodium metal batteries are becoming one of the most important research directions in the community of energy storage currently. The Ragone plot of different types of energy storage devices.

What is a Technology Strategy assessment on sodium batteries?

This technology strategy assessment on sodium batteries, released as part of the Long-Duration Storage Shot, contains the findings from the Storage Innovations (SI) 2030 strategic initiative.

How do sodium ion batteries store energy?

Sodium-ion batteries store and deliver energy through the reversible movement of sodium ions (Na +) between the positive electrode (cathode) and the negative electrode (anode) during charge–discharge cycles.

What is the energy density of sodium ion batteries?

The state-of-the-art sodium-ion batteries possess an energy density of around 200 Wh kg −1 close to the commercial lithium-ion batteries based on the LiFePO 4 cathode ( Figure 2 ). [ 8]

Are sodium-based energy storage technologies a viable alternative to lithium-ion batteries?

As one of the potential alternatives to current lithium-ion batteries, sodium-based energy storage technologies including sodium batteries and capacitors are widely attracting increasing attention from both industry and academia.

Are sodium batteries a good choice for energy storage?

Much of the attraction to sodium (Na) batteries as candidates for large-scale energy storage stems from the fact that as the sixth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and the fourth most abundant element in the ocean, it is an inexpensive and globally accessible commodity.