How has Ukraine managed its electricity deficit?

The deficit has been managed by Ukraine’s state-owned electricity transmission system operator, Ukrenergo, through rolling cuts to supply, limiting electricity provision in the worst-affected regions to a few hours per day.

When did the Electricity Market Law become effective in Ukraine?

became effective on 27 July 2023. The Law introduces amendments to several laws in Ukraine (most importantly the Law “On Alternative Energy Sources”47 and the Law “On the Electricity Market”,48 (hereinafter the Electricity Market Law), partially transposing provisions of the RED

How important is interconnection to Ukraine's electricity security?

Interconnection with the main European system 4 has made a crucial contribution to Ukraine’s electricity security, with the limit on cross-border trade 5 increasing to 1.7 GW in November 2023. Before the 2022 invasion, Ukraine's power system was interconnected with the Russian and Belarussian grids.

How does Ukraine's heat supply affect the population?

As with the attacks on electricity infrastructure, damage to heat supply is highly disruptive to the population. Ukraine was spared catastrophic losses to its heat supply during the 2022-23 and 2023-24 winters, when attacks were more limited and the winters relatively mild.

Will Russia destabilise Ukraine's power system?

Since 2022, Russian targeting of Ukraine's power infrastructure has sought to destabilise the electricity system by disabling large coal and gas-fired generation units and key parts of the transmission network.

Can European companies use Ukraine's large storage sites?

Ukraine can offer the bulk of its large storage sites (30 bcm, mainly in Western Ukraine) for use by European companies, but security risks mean that European traders have so far made limited use of this option 9. Lower storage utilisation weighs on the revenue and profitability of Ukraine’s system operator.