How does battery energy density affect decommissioning costs?

Battery energy density is estimated to have a large impact on total decommissioning costs, due to both manual labor in dismantling and packaging, as well as increased transportation and recycling costs.

How much does it cost to decompose a Bess battery?

Total decommissioning cost for the 20MW/10MWh large BESS is estimated at $1,185,000, as described in Section 5. Looking at the cost breakdown as shown in Table 5-3, roughly 70% of the cost is due to battery module removal, transportation, and recycling.

Where does Retriev recycle lithium ion batteries?

Retriev, now combined with Heritage Battery Recycling, has lithium ion battery recycling centers in British Columbia, Canada and in Lancaster, Ohio. Umicore’s processing and recycling facilities are based in Europe, however they have battery collection staging areas across the U.S. These and other industry participants are discussed in Section 3.

How much does it cost to recycle lithium ion chemistry batteries?

After disassembly, the battery components are recycled. Interviews with battery recyclers gave a cost of $1/lb ($2.20/kg) as the recycling cost of Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) lithium ion chemistry batteries for future receipt of installed systems in 2030.

How does Umicore recycle lithium ion batteries?

Umicore’s recycling method combines both pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes, enabling the recycling of multiple types of lithium ion and Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries. The mixed process allows for increased metal recovery. A direct battery feed reduces the battery cell and module dismantling needed.

What is a mixed chemistry battery cabinet?

The lithium ion portion of the mixed chemistry BESS is a modular battery cabinet design that can be removed with the batteries contained for easier dismantling at an off-site location.