Can China achieve a lithium supply-demand balance?

These findings suggest that unless China receives additional raw materials supplies, achieving a lithium supply-demand balance under scenarios of low supply and maximum battery capacity (low-S7, low-S8) is unattainable in the current trade network structure, even if import capabilities are expanded to the maximum.

What are the leading energy storage battery companies in China?

Leading energy storage battery companies in China include BYD (002594.SZ), which is also the country's biggest electric vehicle maker, and CATL (300750.SZ).

Why is a stable lithium supply chain important?

A stable and secure lithium supply chain is crucial for Europe’s energy transition and achieving its climate goals. According to the European Commission, the global demand for lithium is projected to increase 14-fold by 2040 compared to 2020 levels. The exponential growth of EVs and energy storage systems should drive this surge.

Does Europe rely on Chinese refined lithium?

Europe’s dependence on Chinese refined lithium is a critical issue. China dominates the global refined lithium market, controlling 82% of the global refined capacity for Battery Grade Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate (BG LHM) in 2024 and 60% for Battery Grade Lithium Carbonate . This reliance poses several risks:

Can international trade supply regional lithium markets?

International trade can supply regional lithium markets, yet this potential is constrained by total exports and market accessibility, including competition from other actors. 37 The lithium supply within a region or country is inevitably linked to global trade patterns.

How much lithium will China produce by 2030?

By 2030, the USA’s lithium production could range from 229 to 610 kt (Tables S7 and S8). This means that by 2030, China’s production could potentially increase to 1.5–2 times its 2025 level, while the USA’s production is expected to rise by 6.7–17.8 times compared with 2025.